Chapter+19+(French+Revolution)

=**EllieDav&EllieS**= =**1. Big Ideas** we should understand about this area in the European story...= 1. The Enlightenment and its philosophes played a large role in inspiring the Revolution: Rousseu, Voltaire, Montesquieu 2. Cyclical nature - Absolute Monarch>Revolution>Time without strong leadership (Directory)>Dictatorship 3. Flaws in Absolutism- monarchs bankrupted the country through wars and left the Thrid Estate to starve, led to the pronouncment of class disparity 4. Radical vs. Conservative or Mountain vs. Girodins (phases of the Revolution) What is left behind is essentially is a more stratified political structure, either extreme Republican or a more Constitutional monarchy. The Mountain, the radicals, won with the execution of the king and queen. 5. Aspects of the Revolution that Napoleon betrayed or solidified.

=**2. Contextual factors** we should remember when writing about this topic? Consider when, where, what happened before...=

1. Enlightenment (Rousseu, Voltaire) 2. Absolutism and its flaws - war, spending, poor leaders 3. American Revolution 4. The emergence of print culture 5. New political figures, such as Robespierre and Marat - shift towards more radical thinking 6. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette's flaws, such as poor leadership, inability to conceive a child, and extravagent spending 7. Class disparity - social structure of the Old Regime

=3. Historical debates / approaches that are playing out amongst scholars to understand this topic?=

1. Did Marie Antoinette actually say "Let them eat cake" or is it fictional? 2. There are many factors that led up to the Revolution, but as to which ones were more significant is debatable. Was it the flaws in absolutism? Or simply demographic inequality and consequently, suffering in the lower classes? 3. Is Napoleon the Revolution or did he end it? Ultimately, did he improve upon the Revolution or did he betray it? 4. Are there three or four phases of the Revolution?

=Timeline= National Assembly 1789-1791 Tennis Court Oath June 20, 1789 Fall of the Bastille July 14, 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen August 26, 1789 Abolition of the monarchy/Execution of the king September 21, 1792/ January 21, 1793 Constitution of 1795 is adopted August 22, 1795 Napoleonic Era 1799-1815

1. The Jean-Paul Marat was assassinated during what time of the French Revolution? A. The first, moderate phase B. The second, radical phase C. The third phase D. The Napoleonic Era E. Prior to the Revolution

2. The MOST immediate cause of the French Revolution was A. The innovative ideals presented by the philosophes B. The unfavorable personalities of the monarchs C. The military losses of the time D. Religious tension E. The financial reversals and increased poverty as a result

3. During the Reign of Terror all of these people were not crucial leaders EXCEPT A. Abbe Sieyes B.Napoleon Bonaparte C. Maximillian Robespiere D. Georges Danton E. Louis XVI

4. The "Great Fear" refers to A. The use of the guillotine B. The retreat of the French army from Russia C. The fear of an English Invasion D. Panic in the countryside that encouraged the revolution E. The murder of thousands of prisoners during the revolution