Chapter+23

Chapter 23: The Mass Society in an "Age of Progress" 1871-1894

Ellie Davis & Kate Huskin

1. Big Ideas to Understand about this chapter
-The Second Industrial Revolution was well under way, further transforming industrial production and life, as well as job opportunities. -Europe was in many ways becoming a mass society, with increasing population, urbanization, and largely improved living conditions. -Mass society led to mass politics, with increased voting rights that forced a liberal shift in the political scene. -This period set the stage for more female contribution to society and eventually led to their demand for more rights.

2. Contextual Factors to Remember about this chapter
-Economic influxes throughout Europe -Unification of Germany and Italy -Decline in the power of monarchies -Reactions to the published ideas of Darwin, Marx, and Freud -Industrialization all over Europe

3. Historical Debates or Approaches playing out amongst scholars in regards to this topic
"The Woman Question" What was the modern family? What were the roles of the sexes? Historians agree that the standard of living went up after 1871 Lower birth rates and why they occurred... Women's roles? Family values? Contraception? The importance of Mass Society. Did it impact Europe? How big was the impact? (Functionalist vs. Intentionalist)

Timeline
Great Britain Second ministry of William Gladstone 1880-1885 Reform Act 1884 France Surrender of French provisional government to Germany 1871 Paris commune 1871 Republican constitution (Third Republic) 1875 Boulanger is discredited 1889

Spain King Alfonso XII 1874-1885 New Constitution 1875 Defeat in Spanish-American War 1898

Germany Bismarck as chancellor 1871-1890 Antisocialist law 1878 Social welfare legislation 1883-1889

Austria-Hungary Emperor Francis Joseph 1848-1916 Count Edward von Taaffe as prime minister 1879-1893

Russia Tsar Alexander III 1881-1894

Multiple Choice Questions 3. Which of the following was a contributing factor to mass society in the 19th century? A. Population growth B. Urbanization C. Better healthcare D. Mass education and leisure E. All of the above 4. All of the following countries were open to more liberal, democratic political operations EXCEPT A. Britain B. France C. Germany D. Spain E. Italy
 * 1) Which of the following was NOT an effect of the division of labor?
 * 2) It increased the supply of labor available to manufacturers.
 * 3) It raised wages for manufacturing workers.
 * 4) It increased the volume that manufacturers could produce.
 * 5) It allowed manufacturers to sell their products more cheaply.
 * 6) It allowed manufacturers to increase their profits.
 * 7) In general, the Second Industrial Revolution in Europe
 * 8) began on the Continent and spread in all directions
 * 9) took place in Great Britain
 * 10) took place more slowly in Eastern Europe
 * 11) was stimulated by government investment in Western Europe
 * 12) took place later but more rapidly in Eastern Europe

Answers: 1. B, 2. E, 3. E, 4.C