Chapter+13+(Reformation)

Chapter 13 (Reformations) Katy and Mr. Ziegler =**1. Big Ideas** we should understand about this area in the European story...= - Martin Luther proposed that Christianity should be understood through faith alone (bible based). He posted his //**95 Theses**// on the Church in Wittenburg to attack the Catholic Church's practices (largely attacking the Papacy and good works) - Because of Luther's Reformation the seperation of Church and State became prominent throughout some states of Europe - Due to Luther's ideals other Reformers were inspired, such as John Calvin (predestination: the belief that only God knows the elect) - Calvin's ideals differed from Luther's in the fact that he believed the Church should dominate the State - John Knox was inspired by Calvin's ideas and spread them through places such as France and Scotland - His religion was soon renamed Presbyterianism - Calvinism spread especially throughout France in their nobility class (Huguenots) and in England (Puritans)

=**2. Contextual factors** we should remember when writing about this topic? Consider when, where, what happened before...= -One of the reasons the Reformation came into play was due to the crises occuring in the Roman Catholic Church. - Nepotism was being practiced (giving lucrative church jobs to one's children or other relatives) - Pluralism: having more than one position and hiring a poor parish priest to perform the less desirable office - Many Churchmen (popes) lived in luxury like princes almost; they were secular and corrupt - "simony": the buying or selling of church offices - There were reformers well before the Reformation who were outspoken critics of the Church as well: - Joh Wycliffe: insisted of salvation by faith alone - John Hus: condemned the worldliness of Church figures

=3. Historical debates / approaches that are playing out amongst scholars to understand this topic?= Approaches to the Reformation can be based on the lives of those who experienced it such as: 1st Estate: the clergy 2nd Estate: the nobility 3rd Estate: the commoners Leaders/ Scholars of the Reformation: //Martin Luther// (95 Theses, Translation of Scriptures, Luthern Church) //Huldrych Zwingli// (Rejected Roman Catholic priesthood,followed in Luthers footsteps, Swiss Reformation) //John Calvin// (Election, Predestination, Calvinism) //John Knox// (Reformed modifications to the Book of Common Prayer, Scottish Reformation, taught Calvins theology) 1. Which of the following choices is not true of The Roman Catholic Church? A.The Catholic Church was corrupt B. Nepotism was being practiced C. Selling indulgences D. Belief in predestination E.Clergy were wealthiest out of all people 2.Who was not a person who wanted to reform the catholic church? A. Martin Luther B.John Calvin C.John Knox D. Huldrych Zwingli E.John Hus 3. Martin Luther's 95 Theses were a call for A. reforms within the Catholic Church B. greater papal authority C. crusades to spread Christianity D. religious revolt against German princes E. a new economic system 4. Which was a result of the Protestant Reformation in Europe? A. Spain became mostly a Protestant nation B. Catholic church leaders refused to make changes in church practices C. the power of the Catholic Church in Europe was weakened D. It was started in Italy E. John Hus forced it throughout Europe
 * 4 Timeline (7 itemm/ events)**
 * 1517-** Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg
 * 1522-** Publication of Luther's Translation of the New Testement into the common German language
 * 1534-** Act of Supremacy was inacted (Henry VIII positioned himself as the head of the Church of England)
 * 1545-1563-** A council formed by Catholics in order to defend the heresies of the Protestant Church against the Catholics
 * 1555-** The Peace of Ausburg (ended the first religious war of the century)
 * 1572-** St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (The Catholic mob violence against the French Protestants-Huguenots
 * 1598-** The Edict of Nantes (formed the structure of a secular society of freedom of religion)

1. D 2. E 3. A 4. C