Chapter+24

Chapter 24 Katrina Watt & Tim Lehotsky

1894-1914

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Emergence of new scientific discoveries- ====== New Trends in Culture Movement for Women's Rights Industrialization in Russia New Imperialism == **2. Contextual factors** we should remember when writing about this topic? Consider when, where, what happened before == The Age of Modernity and Anxiety came out of an age of mass society.  Family was center of middle class life and new ideals emerged  Structure of working class families changed  Motives for a new push for mass education varied, but political was foremost  More education meant need for more teachers, and more people literate  Many new leisure activities developed  Socialist political parties began in Germany Nationalism remained powerful force, even for some socialists Revisionists were socialists that challenged some Marxist theories  Trade unions helped improve conditions for workers prior to WWI  More anarchist movements arose, and became more violent
 * Discovery of Atoms
 * Einstein and his Theories of Relativity
 * Planck and his Constant
 * Nietzsche and his new philosophy- "God is Dead", "Superman".
 * Freud, Jung and the Development of Psychology.
 * Darwinism and its application to society (Social Darwinism)
 * Naturalism
 * Development of Symbolism in Literature-//War and Peace, Crime and Punishment//
 * Art-Impressionism, Post-Impressionists, Beginnings of Cubism
 * Nationalistic Spirit in Music-Grieg's //Peter Gynt Suite//
 * Impressionism in Music- //Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun//, //The Firebird//
 * Women earned the right to hold property
 * Limited success in the creation of the right to divorce
 * Confronting Tactics led to limited success prior to the 1st World War
 * After losing the Ruso-Japanese War, Nicholas II started a modernization program in Russia
 * Created the Duma following the 1905 Revolution
 * "White Man's Burden"
 * Rather than focus on China's "spheres of influence" attention turned to Africa this time.
 * "From the Cape to the Coast"-Britain
 * China-Boxer Rebellion led to complete dominance of China which by now was led by more or less of a puppet government.
 * India is still a British Dominated Possession.

== 3. **Historical debates / approaches** that are playing out amongst scholars to understand this topic? == To what effect did Imperialism define the 20th and beginnings of the 21st century? Effects of Russia's modernization and loss in the Ruso-Japanese War What did the Boxer Rebellion do for China's long-term development? Did it prompt the creation of the power-thirsty state it is today? The effect of new technologies, have they improved living conditions or have they hurt them? (i.e. the discovery of radiation)

**4. Timeline**
1895- Dreyfus Affair in France 1880- "Open door" policy in China 1900- Freud's "The Interpretation of Dreams" was published 1903- Women's Social and Political union in Britain 1904- Russo Japanese War 1905- Revolution in Russia 1905- Einstein's special theory of relativity 1907- Triple Entente: France, Britain and Russia 1907- Picasso, first Cubist painting 1912- Social Democratic Party as largest party in Germany 1912- First Balkan War 1913- Stravinsky, "The Rite of Spring"

**5. Questions**
**1) Which of the following regions was NOT the focus of Imperialism in the 19th Century?** **A. China**  **B. India**  **C. South Africa**  **D. Japan**  **E. Samoa**

**2) "God is Dead" is attributed to which philosopher?** **A. Marx**
 * B. Plato**
 * C. Nietzche**
 * D. Keynes**
 * E. Sartre**

A. Herbert Spencer B. Igor Stravinsky C. Ernst Renan D. Max Planck E. Henry Bergson
 * 3. Who was the composer of the revolutionary //Rite of Spring//?**

4. The last dynastic house of China, overthrown in 1912 was... A. Manchus B. Boxers C. Meiji D. Boers E. Zionism

**Answers: 1) D 2) C**