Chapter+12

Mr. Ziegler =**Big Ideas** we should understand about this area in the European story...=
 * Chapter 12 (Renaissance)**

1. The philosophical / curriculum of humanism had a reach in many academic, theological areas. Humanism had strong ties to individualism and secularism.

2. New Monarchies in the aftermath of the plague and 100 years' war came up with structures, tools, and tactics to better solidify and control the state.

3.The Renaissance in the context of the 1350-1500 had its greatest impact on urban elites in Italy and Northern and Western Europe. The "doers" and "audience" were often wealthy elites in the politics, trade, or clergy.

4. Geography can be a critical factor in an attempt to historicize events or periods of history. The Italian peninsula had plenty going for it with regards to trade, agriculture, mining that in turn created wealth and banking enterprises.

=**Contextual factors** we should remember when writing about this topic? Consider when, where, what happened before...=

100 Years' War, Plague, Italy's non unified political organization, social organization of the urban elites, Catholic Church in crisis (more on this in unit 13.) ...

=3. Historical debates / approaches that are playing out amongst scholars to understand this topic?=

Be careful not to treat the Ren strickly as an art movement.

Some have posited this is what commences "modern" Europe despite the Medival continuities that run throught it.

Some historians rely heavy on "big picture" "bottom up" history stressing geopraphy as the big plate. To that end, minimizing "art history" as an interior decorating fad.