Chapter+15+(State+Building+and+the+Search+for+Order-17th+C

Chapter 15 Abby&Matt

=**1. Big Ideas** we should understand about this area in the European story...= -Growth and support of secularism -Theory of absolutism and prevalence of limited monarchies and republics -Colonization and mercantilism -Rise of French dominance/Louis XIV-Versailles -Decline of Spain -Russia/Peter the Great -Rise of Austria and Prussia -England and Constitutional Monarchy/Glorious Revolution -Art, Classic Realism: Rembrandt, Leyster -Rise of politiques -Social hierarchies/importance of monarchies to the first and second estates =**2. Contextual factors** we should remember when writing about this topic? Consider when, where, what happened before...= -Emergence from 100 Years' War and 30 Years' War -Influence of printing press -Separation of Church and State coming out of the Reformation -Absolute monarchs influenced by Renaissance thinkers (Machiavelli) -Decline of Spain (failure of Spanish Armada, failure of separation of church and state, vastly wealthy aristocratic class) allows for rise of English and French power -Revolutions: Spanish Netherlands, English (Cromwell) -Philosophers: Thomas Hobbes (//Leviathan//), John Locke (//Two Treatises of Government//) -Dutch East India Trade Company and the power of seafaring and trade -Developments in science and naturalistic observations: Galileo (//Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World//) =3. Historical debates / approaches that are playing out amongst scholars to understand this topic?= -The significance of the Reformation and its impact on the ruling classes in Europe -Development in political thought, in terms of governing subjects, encourages centralized power (Absolutism) -Divine Absolutism pushed against by secularism: where was there a balance in Europe? How do we know which country was able to develop under the principles of new governmental theories? -Influence of Cardinals and Ministers on government in France and England, respectively -The accumulation of vast wealth among ruling classes and the influence the aristocracy still had on governance

**4. Event Timeline**
1602- Dutch East India Company established 1607- English colony founded at Jamestown 1618- Beginning of the 30 Years' War 1624- Cardinal Richelieu begins minister post under Louis XIII 1633- France enters the 30 Years' War 1643- Louis XIV begins reign in France 1649- Execution of Charles I/Beginning of English Republic 1653- Oliver Cromwell entitled as Lord Protector of England 1660- Restoration of Charles II/monarchy in England 1660- Thomas Hobbes' //Leviathan// published 1669- Beginning of construction of Versailles 1682- Peter the Great begins his reign 1688- John Locke's //Two Treatises on Government// 1688- Glorious Revolution in England 1701- Prussia becomes a kingdom 1713- End of War of Spanish Succession/Treaty of Utrecht

Multiple Choice:

1) Cardinal Richelieu played a key role as Louis XIII's minister by a. Weakening power of France's central government b. Instituting a national bank c. Gave rights to the Huegenots d. Strengthened role of the monarchy e. All of the above

2) Peter the Great strove to change the culture of his country by a. Repelling the increasingly popular Western customs b. Freeing serfs of taxes c. Establishing a city in his name and instituting new trade regulations d. Requiring nobles to wear beards e. All of the above

3) Thomas Hobbes preached in his "Leviathan" a. Revolutions for the lower classes b. Weak, decentralized government c. Men were inherently good, passive creatures d. The necessity of absolutism and a strong government e. None of the above

4) Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden entered the 30 Years' war to a. Protect Swedish lands from Hapsburg influence b. Come to the defense of Hapsburg allies c. Aid England and the incoming naval threat d. Help Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire e. All of the above

5) Typical goals of an Absolute Monarch may be to a. Unify state laws b. Establish powerful standing armies c. Justify their own power through ideologies d. Remove themselves from the direct area of their rule e. All of the Above

6) Which of these monarchs is NOT considered an Absolute Monarch? a. Louis XIV b. Joseph II c. Peter the Great d. Louis XVI e. Maria Theresa

7) The Treaty of Utrecht provided for all the following EXCEPT a. Philip V was recognized as the King of Spain b. Spain ceded Gibraltar to Britain c. The Duke of Orleans renounced claim to the Spanish throne d. The overseas slave trade was ended in Britain e. France ceded to Great Britain its claims to the Hudson's Bay Company

8) "Life, health, Liberty, or Possessions" was the political theory of which philosopher? a. Thomas Hobbes b. John Locke c. Francis Bacon d. Rene Descartes e. Baruch Spinoza

Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. e 6. d. 7. d. 8. b.