Chapter+20+(Industrial+Revolution)

=Industrial Revolution= Ellie Spahr & J. Bingham 1. Leading to Britain's initial success 2. Technological changes and new forms of industrial organization 3. The spread of industrialization 4. Social impact
 * 1. Big Ideas**
 * The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in approximately 1750
 * The agricultural revolution in Britain provided an advantage to the nation (changes in the methods of farming and stock breeding provided for an increased food production and growth in population)
 * Britian had a ready supply of capital to invest in new innovations
 * Trade within Britain much more simple than between the nations in land-locked Europe
 * Britain's large trading empire and markets (Americas, Africa, and the East)
 * The cotton industry
 * The steam engine
 * The iron industry
 * The revolution in transportation (railroad industry)
 * The industrial factory
 * Britain's Great Exhibition of 1851 (man dominating nature)
 * On the continent, following Britain, it began in Belgium, France, and Germany
 * The American system (Harper's Ferry arsenal)
 * Eastern Europe lagged (Russia)
 * Population growth
 * The Great Hunger
 * The growth of cities
 * Urban reformers
 * The industrial middle class


 * Contextual Factors**
 * The agricultural revolution > population growth > demand for improved productivity through innovations > rural manufacturing spread capital throughout the population > urban migration > change in social classes (new industrial middle class and working class) > standard of living in urban areas worsened > urban reform


 * Historical Debates and Approaches Amongst Scholars**
 * Historians argue the rate of growth and production during the Revolution (gradualism believes it was portrayed to dramatically)
 * Was the revolution in industry simply an issue of new machinery or mechanical innovation?
 * Was the revolution in industry the product of conscious planning or did it appear spontaneously?
 * Was industrial capitalism nothing more than a system devised by clever capitalists to exploit the labor of ignorant workers?

Watt's steam engine > Cartwright's power loom > first textile factory in the United States > Luddites established > Stephenson's Rocket > Factory Act > formation of Owen's Grand National Trades Union > People's Charter > Chadwick's Report on Cities > Great Famine in Ireland > Great Exhibition in Britain
 * Timeline**

1. The cottage industry A. is the beginning of small-scale textile production in the rural regions B. is the establishment of large-scale factory production C. the building of cottages in the countryside for workers D. is a basic aspect in the feudal system E. helped limit the newfound population growth
 * Questions**

2.The movement known as Chartism sought to A. create universal male suffrage B. allow for payment to members of Parliament C. force Parliament to meet in annual sessions D. achieve political democracy E. all of the above

3. Russia did not have its industrial revolution until the end of the nineteenth century because A. the tsarist regime feared change and preferred imported goods B. a middle class was nonexistent due to serfdom C. the people largely opposed industrial growth D. the other nations did not trade with it E. both A and B

4. Which of the following did not impact the First Industrial Revolution? A. petroleum and the internal combustion engine B. electricity C. the innovations in railroads D. both A and B E. the cottage industry

answers: A, E, E, D