Chapter+21

**(1815-1850: Reaction Revolution and Romanticism)**

 * Meghan & Camille**

**Important Terms/Big Ideas:**
-Bourgeoise -Capitalism -Chartist Movement -Conservatism v Liberalism -Corn Laws -Monroe Doctrine -Rise of the Proletariat -Romanticism -Nationalism -Rotten Boroughs -Socialism -Radicalism -Simon Bolivar -Louis Napoleon Bonaparte -Edmund Burke -Eugene Delacroix -Franz Joseph - Dual Monarchy -Goethe -Karl Marx -Metternich -Nicholas I -Robert Owen -Mary Shelley -Congress of Vienna -Enclosure Movement -Gothic Revival -Industrial Revolution

**Timeline:**
1814-1815: Congress of Vienna 1816: Corn Law Riots in Britain 1818: International Congress at Aix-la-Chapelle 1818: Mary Shelley publishes Frankenstein 1819: Metternich initiates Carlsbad Decrees 1819: Peterloo Massacre 1820s: British Radicalism gains traction 1823: Monroe Doctrine 1824: Charles X becomes King of France 1825: Decembrist Revolt in Russia, Nicholas I comes to power 1827: Anglo-French-Russian Navy destroys the Turkish, helping Greek Nationalists 1829: Europe recognizes an independent Greece July 1830: July Revolution in France 1833: Factory Acts restrict child labor (Great Britain) 1834: Poor Laws passed (Great Britain) 1838: Anti-Corn Law League 1839: Chartist movement gains over 1 million signatures 1840s: Corn Laws repealed 1847: Ten Hour Act limits women and child labor to ten hours a day (Great Britain) January 1848: Marx and Engels publish // Communist Manifesto // February 1848: February Revolution in Paris, barricades in the streets 1848: Louis Napoleon Bonaparte becomes President of France March 1848: Metternich, terrified of unrest, flees Vienna March 15, 1848: Hungary granted independence within the Austrian Empire, revolutions begin throughout Eastern Europe June 1848: Pan-Slavic Conference held in Prague May 1848: Frankfurt Assembly December 1848: Ferdinand of Austria abdicates, Franz Joseph becomes emperor


 * Historical Debates/Questions:**

What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna and the Concert of Europe? How successful were they? What were the main tenets of conservatism, liberalism, nationalism, and utopian socialism, and what role did each ideology play in Europe? What were the forces of change in Great Britain and France between 1830 and 1848 and how did each respond? What were the causes of the revolutions? Why did they fail? What were the characteristics of Romanticism, and were they reflected in literature, art, and music? In what ways were intellectual and artistic developments related to the political and social forces of the age?

Europe had just come of of the Industrial Revolution. The standards of life were changing. There was more luxury. Changes were being made in the work force. Population was on the rise. The growth of cities created a decrease in the quality of life there and an increase in the demand for supplies, which people weren't getting. People were growing increasingly unhappy with the monarchy system and leadership. The citizens of Europe wanted change and more control.
 * Contextual Factors:**

**Multiple Choice Questions:**
1) What were the goals of Liberalism? A. Creating an entitlement society B. Creating constitutions C. Giving women equal rights in the workforce D. Representation of the Middle Class E. Both B and D

2) What reforms did Chartism demand? A. A safety net for peasants B. Yearly elections for the House of Commons C. Both A and B D. Universal Male Suffrage E. Both B and D

3) The Revolution of 1848 failed because A. The unity of revolutionaries had made the revolution possible, but divisions shattered their ranks. B. Moderate Liberals from the propertied classes failed to extend suffrage to the working classes who had helped to achieve the revolutions. C. The government managed to squash all forms of revolt. D. Both A and B E. A, B, and C.

4) The Congress of Vienna was led by A. Prince Klemens von Metternich B. Napoleon Bonaparte C. Jose de San Martin D. Joseph de Maistre E. Tsar Alexander I